1. Customs Procedures and Documentation Errors
This is the stage most prone to bottlenecks, directly impacting delivery schedules and racking up unexpected warehousing costs (demurrage/detention).
Manual and Unsynchronized Data Entry: Relying on traditional manual data entry processes easily leads to discrepancies between commercial invoices, packing lists, and customs declarations. The lack of automation solutions unnecessarily delays the customs clearance process.
Incorrect HS Code Classification: Applying the wrong commodity code not only results in fines but can also alter export tariff rates or cause businesses to lose preferential treatments in the importing country.
2. Logistics and Supply Chain Management
The "Buy CIF, Sell FOB" Habit: Many Vietnamese businesses cling to the habit of selling FOB (where their responsibility ends once goods are loaded on board) due to fears of transit risks and a lack of international logistics coordination experience. This leaves money on the table regarding freight margins and surrenders control over carrier selection and cargo insurance.
Neglecting Cargo Insurance: To cut costs, many shipments are sent without insurance, leading to catastrophic financial losses in the event of maritime incidents or damage during handling.
3. Market Research and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
Lack of Mandatory Quality Certifications: Every market has its own stringent standards (CE for Europe, FDA for the US, Halal certification for Islamic markets...). Failing to research these thoroughly can result in goods being rejected or destroyed right at the destination port.
Failure to Register Intellectual Property: Taking products international without registering trademarks in the destination country exposes businesses to brand theft or unnecessary, costly legal disputes.
4. Contractual and International Payment Risks
Inadequate Partner Due Diligence: Signing contracts based purely on email exchanges without conducting credit checks or credibility verifications heavily exposes companies to international trade fraud.
Choosing Unsecured Payment Methods: Accepting high-risk terms like deferred T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) for new partners instead of utilizing an Irrevocable Letter of Credit (L/C) to guarantee financial interests.